Web Components For Mac
Web development can be confusing and frustrating at times. Let’s consider the following scenario – you want to create a web page with some common components such as a navigation bar or a breadcrumb. A quick way to do this is to grab some boilerplate templates, for example using the Twitter Bootstrap library, or create the components on your own using a JavaScript library, for example jQuery. HTML does not support such commonly used components. HTML supports some new semantic elements that were added as part of HTML5 specifications. However HTML wasn’t extensive enough to create our own reusable components.
This situation has changed. In the past few months, we are hearing more and more about a new standard called Web Components. A lot of known web development experts claim that it will revolutionize the way we are creating web apps. Some of the major browser vendors are working on the Web Components polyfill libraries that can help bridge the gap between current browsers and the emerging standard. Will the standard revolutionize the way we build web apps? It definitely will, but until this standard is included in every browser, we will have to use a polyfill library.
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In the article, you will get an overview of Web Components. You will get familiar with the four HTML5 APIs that enables you to create your own components and you will see a simple component implementation. At the end we will discuss the browser support and briefly discuss options to bridge the gap in browsers that do not support Web Components. But first things first, let us start by understanding what is the web components standard.
What are Web Components?
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When you write traditional web applications which use server rendering engines for building web pages, you probably reuse components using custom/user controls. For example, one of the first tasks that I implemented as a novice ASP.Net developer was to create a drop down user control that was reused across an entire web site. In today’s modern web development, the rendering process is moving to the front-end and developers want to use the same custom control techniques when building the front-end. But how can a developer create his own reusable DOM element? Can we do that using HTML standards that are in practice today?
Web Components is a bundle of new standards that allow developers to build their own DOM elements. The custom elements can encapsulate common behavior and element interaction endpoints, such as custom events. A web component can also expose custom attributes that can be later used to customize the element and for setting the element’s behavior.
A custom web component is used in a declarative way like any other HTML element. The custom elements that you create actually denote something meaningful, for example a navbar element, instead of a generic
or
elements which expresses nothing. Once you go the web component way, your HTML will start to be meaningful and more robust.Note - If you are using AngularJS, the concept of web components might sound familiar. This is because AngularJS directives use some of the concepts written in the web components standard.
The Web Components standard includes four different parts:
1. Templates
2. Imports
3. Shadow DOM
4. Custom Elements
In the next sections, we will explore each of these four parts that are included in the standard.
Templates
In the past when you wanted to create a template, you had two main options. The first option was to use a block element that would be hidden initially and displayed later when some web page interaction occurred. The problem with this option is that you fetch resources from the server, for example images, even though they might not be shown to the user. The second option was to create a script tag with an id and give it the text/template type. In that script tag, you would plant your DOM code. For example, here is how you might have created a template:
In this option the web page won’t load unnecessary resources but in order to use the template, you need to fetch the script tag element and extract its HTML. That might lead to cross-site scripting vulnerability. We can do better than that.
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The new template element, which was introduced as part of the Web Components standard, enables you to define a HTML blueprint that can be later used to instantiate document fragments which include the same structure. Now you have the ability to wrap HTML content including script and style tags inside a template element and later on to use the template in your code. Here is an example of the previous script tag but now defined as a template:
In order to use the template you will have to use JavaScript. The following lines of code will fetch the template element and will import a cloned node. Later on, you would be able to append the clone into the DOM.
Once the clone is appended, if the template includes script tags or style tags, they will be executed. If the template includes resources such as images or videos, they will be retrieved from the server.
One last thing that you must know about the template element is that it doesn’t support data binding. The template element as expected is a template and nothing more. We will discuss how to do data binding later on in the article.
Note – you can find the full templates documentation here: http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/scripting-1.html#the-template-element.
Imports
The new HTML5 Imports specification enables developers to load additional HTML documents without the need to use Ajax. Imports are new type of link tag. If you are a web developer you probably used the rel=”stylesheet” to specify that a link element should load a CSS file. In imports, you replace the stylesheet string with import and that’s it, the link now specifies an import. Here is an example:
In the example you can see that we are loading a HTML file called myImport.
Imports enables web developers to bundle a full component into a HTML file which might include scripts and CSS styles and later on to import that bundle in a single call. For example, if you have a component that includes JavaScript files, CSS files and more, you can bundle them into a HTML document and just import it. This option makes component writing much more powerful.
Importing a document using the import link doesn’t include its content into the web page. What it really does is to grab the document and parse it and of course load all the document’s additional resources. After the document is loaded and parsed, it is available through JavaScript. In order to access the content of an import, you need to use the link element import property. The following example shows you how to get the content from an import link element:
In the example, the content variable will include the whole content in memory document that the import retrieved. Once you have a reference to the document, you can use JavaScript and use its content. Let’s take a look at an example that uses both a template element and HTML5 import. Here is the template code that exists in myTemplate.html file:
Here is the document that will import the template:
What is web-only access to iCloud?
Web-only access to iCloud lets you share and collaborate with others in real time on documents, spreadsheets, and presentations, even if they don't have access to an Apple device. That means you can invite anyone to share a file. Then they can use their web-only account to access the file and make edits, without leaving iCloud. It includes access to iCloud Drive, Pages, Numbers, Keynote, and Notes for iCloud, and 1GB of free storage for any notes and documents you create.
Learn more about iWork for iCloud.
How do I get started?
Simply go to iCloud.com and sign in with your Apple ID. If you've used the iTunes Store, iCloud, or any Apple service, you might already have an Apple ID. If you don't remember it, you can find your Apple ID.
If you don’t have an Apple ID, you can create one:
- Go to iCloud.com.
- Click Create Apple ID.
- Fill out the required account information including your email address, a strong password, and security questions.
- Verify your email address by entering the 6-digit code we send you.
- Accept the iCloud Terms of Service.
After you create your account, you'll be signed in automatically.
What browsers are supported?
iCloud.com supports the latest versions of Safari, Firefox, Chrome, Edge, Internet Explorer, and Opera. Learn more about the system requirements for iCloud.
How do I get the full set of iCloud features?
If you have an iPhone, iPad, iPod touch, or Mac, you can get the full set of iCloud features. Simply sign in to iCloud in Settings on your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch, or System Preferences on your Mac. You'll get immediate access to all iCloud features and 5GB of free storage. You can also choose additional storage plans from your device.
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Can I upgrade my iCloud storage?
Web-only iCloud accounts are limited to 1GB of storage. You need an iPhone, iPad, iPod touch, or Mac to access the full set of iCloud features and upgrade your storage.
What is an Apple ID?
Your Apple ID is the personal account you use with all Apple products and services. It includes the email address and password you use to sign in, as well as the contact, payment, and security details that you use with Apple.